::SurroundApps::php tutorial


	PHP Tutorial
	PHP-001: PHP - An Introduction
	PHP-002: PHP - Syntax Overview
	PHP-003: PHP - Variables
	PHP-004: PHP - Constants
	PHP-005: PHP - Conditional Statements
	PHP-006: PHP -Looping
	PHP-007: PHP - PHP Functions
	PHP-008: PHP - PHP Database ODBC
	PHP-009: PHP Mail Function
	PHP-010: PHP - PHP Cookie

SurroundApps Tech Note - PHP-001: PHP - An Introduction

What is PHP ?

PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor. The funny abbreviation follows the style set by Richard Stallmann when he founded GNU (GNU's not Unix!) As the name says, it's a pre-processor for hypertext, which is just another word for what most people call webpages. Since it's a preprocessor, it runs on the remote web server and processes the webpages before they are sent to the browser. This makes it a so-called server-side scripting language.

What can PHP do?

Anything. PHP is mainly focused on server-side scripting, so you can do anything any other CGI program can do, such as collect form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and receive cookies. But PHP can do much more.

There are three main fields where PHP scripts are used.

Server-side scripting:- This is the most traditional and main target field for PHP. You need three things to make this work. The PHP parser (CGI or server module), a webserver and a web browser. You need to run the webserver, with a connected PHP installation. You can access the PHP program output with a web browser, viewing the PHP page through the server. See the installation instruction s section for more information.

Command line scripting:- You can make a PHP script to run it without any server or browser. You only need the PHP parser to use it this way. This type of usage is ideal for scripts regularly executed using cron (on *nix or Linux) or Task Scheduler (on Windows). These scripts can also be used for simple text processing tasks. See the section about Command line usage of PHP for more information.

Writing client-side GUI applications:- PHP is probably not the very best language to write windowing applications, but if you know PHP very well, and would like to use some advanced PHP features in your client-side applications you can also use PHP-GTK to write such programs. You also have the ability to write cross-platform applications this way. PHP-GTK is an extension to PHP, not available in the main distribution. If you are interested in PHP-GTK, visit its own website .

PHP can be used on all major operating systems, including Linux, many Unix variants (including HP-UX, Solaris and OpenBSD), Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, RISC OS, and probably others. PHP has also support for most of the web servers today. This includes Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Server, Personal Web Server, Netscape and iPlanet servers, Oreilly Website Pro server, Caudium, Xitami, OmniHTTPd, and many others. For the majority of the servers PHP has a module, for the others supporting the CGI standard, PHP can work as a CGI processor.

So with PHP, you have the freedom of choosing an operating system and a web server. Furthermore, you also have the choice of using procedural programming or object oriented programming, or a mixture of them. Although not every standard OOP feature is realized in the current version of PHP, many code libraries and large applications (including the PEAR library) are written only using OOP code.

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. PHP's abilities includes outputting images, PDF files and even Flash movies (using libswf and Ming) generated on the fly. You can also output easily any text, such as XHTML and any other XML file. PHP can autogenerate these files, and save them in the file system, instead of printing it out, forming a server-side cache for your dynamic content.

One of the strongest and most significant feature in PHP is its support for a wide range of databases. Writing a database-enabled web page is incredibly simple. The following databases are currently supported:

Adabas D	Ingres	Oracle (OCI7 and OCI8)
dBase	InterBase	Ovrimos
Empress	FrontBase	PostgreSQL
FilePro (read-only)	mSQL	Solid
Hyperwave	Direct MS-SQL	Sybase
IBM DB2	MySQL	Velocis
Informix	ODBC	Unix dbm

We also have a DBX database abstraction extension allowing you to transparently use any database supported by that extension. Additionally PHP supports ODBC, the Open Database Connection standard, so you can connect to any other database supporting this world standard.

PHP also has support for talking to other services using protocols such as LDAP, IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3, HTTP, COM (on Windows) and countless others. You can also open raw network sockets and interact using any other protocol. PHP has support for the WDDX complex data exchange between virtually all Web programming languages. Talking about interconnection, PHP has support for instantiation of Java objects and using them transparently as PHP objects. You can also use our CORBA extension to access remote objects.

PHP has extremely useful text processing features, from the POSIX Extended or Perl regular expressions to parsing XML documents. For parsing and accessing XML documents, we support the SAX and DOM standards. You can use our XSLT extension to transform XML documents.

While using PHP in the e-commerce field, you'll find the Cybercash payment, CyberMUT, VeriSign Payflow Pro and CCVS functions useful for your online payment programs.

At last but not least, PHP have many other interesting extensions, the mnoGoSearch search engine functions, the IRC Gateway functions, many compression utilities (gzip, bz2), calendar conversion, translation...